Selective Mutism and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Autism is characterized by disturbances in communication, behavior, and social interaction, where repetitive and restricted interests predominate. Selective mutism (SM) and autism often coexist; however, the relationship between them is complex and not yet fully understood. This systematic review aimed to analyze research on the comorbidity between autism and SM, identify trends in the field, and highlight areas for future research. Following the PRISMA methodology, eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The results indicate that many children with autism also present with selective mutism, with the onset of symptoms occurring later than in children without autism. From the parents' perspective, caring for a child with both SM and autism is challenging, as it exacerbates parental stress and negatively impacts the overall quality of life for the family. Various treatments, including pharmacological interventions, music therapy, and behavioral programs, have been shown to help reduce the symptoms of selective mutism in children and adolescents diagnosed with autism. In conclusion, the findings of this review provide an up-to-date foundation for understanding the comorbidity of SM and autism. Furthermore, it offers guidance for health and education professionals to expand their knowledge of SM and its relationship with autism, facilitating a better understanding of the interplay between these two diagnoses.