In the cases presented here from the end of the XVIIIth century concerning two midwives, one fi nds the action work of the juridical power as a representatives of medical knowledge used against two who have what might be considered traditional knowledge. These cases have received different historical interpretations. A review of these interpretations, as well as current debates, are exhibited next, followed by a transcription of the papers that compose these judicial pieces. The transcription and publication of these documents is to present to investigators, documents that have not received the proper attention in current historical debates.
